Sliding window.



Patented Sept. 30, |902.

' w. E. HAnnEmAN.

SLIDING WINDDW.

(Application led Dec. 3, 1901A (No Model.)

ITE-73.5' I lg Fg UNITED STATES PATENT OEEICE.

WILLIAM EDVIN HARDEMAN, OF CARLTON, VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA.

SLIDING WINDOW.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent NO. 710,322, dated September 30, 1902.

Y Application tiled December 3,1901. Serial No. 84,572. (No model.)

To all* whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM EDWIN HAR- DEMAN, a subject ofKing Edward VII of Great Britain and Ireland, residing at 94: Pelham street, Carlton, in the State of Victoria, Australia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Sliding IVindows, of which the following is a specification.

The object of this invention is to provide improvements in structures adapted to open and close vertically-such as windows of dwellings, institutions, shipping, railway-carriages, dicaso that in what follows the terms window an( sash are to be understood to include all similar structures. The improvements relate to the means provided for opening, closing, locking, and, in some cases, barring such windows to guard against irregular intrusion, the whole being durable and free from complication, architecturally superior, and differing in detail from the devices yet knowu. Only one groove at each side is used for the upper and lower windowf sashes to work in, each groove having therein a stop fixed at the proper meeting-point of the sashes (recessed to correspond) and preventing either sash sliding beyond said point. The sashes, which are made to counterbalance one another, are connected by a single cord or pair of cords joined, the window-jambs having no slots, necessarily above the lower well hereinafter described, except for pulleys, while an automatically-acting rain and dust excluding shutter is provided to protect the well into which the lower sash descends. One (as the lower sash-usually the easiest accessible one) only needs to be operated to open and close the window, as the sashes are connected so that where one is moved the other automatically responds and moves away simultaneously from it to open, toward it to close. Vv'here it is needful (when the sashes are drawn apart) to allow no space for the intrusion or exit of persons or large articles, a collapsible structure is so secured by its opposite sides to the two sashes that as the sashes move asunder they pull both the said sides and expand the said structure, so that its crossed bars shall occupy the gap between the sashes. )Vhere a strong and securelyconnected collapsible structure is provided, it is unnecessary to lock the Window so far as regards preventing children or detained persons getting ont of buildings, animals from cages, or to protect railway-carriage windows. The collapsible structure could when closed be hidden in recesses in the meeting-rails if thelatter were made of suitable size, or the structure could be located inside or outside said rails, as illustrated in the drawings herewith, and could be made removable. Though the window-sashes (two only are used) may be of equal size, this invention includes the important improvement of having the sizes different. The result is that the opening (when the window is open) may be at (or nearer to) the top of the window-frame or else at (ornearer to) the bottom, as predetermined, while I provide corresponding depth of the wells into which the sashes slide wholly or in part. Such depth by reason of my improvements may be provided in many cases with ease where it would not be practicable to make each well equal to each sash Where the sashes are equal.

As railway-carriages are constructed at present with wells both above and below the level ofthe closed window, the available space being larger usually below than above, it will be seen that this invention may be ittingly used in such carriages, especially as the ordinary dangling sash-weights are quite inadmissible, and it is not a good thing that the whole weight of the sash must be laboriously lifted by the passenger, as at present, in rail l Waycarriages and the like.

Referring now to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate the invention, but are not all upon the same scale, Figure l is an inside front elevation showing the right-hand part of a window-frame, exhibiting the sashes in firm lines in closed position, dotted lines open position. Fig. 2 is a plan view from beneath looking up at the sill of the closed lower sash. Fig. 3 isY a side elevation showing the left-hand parts of the fra1ne,cord,&c. Fig.4 is a verticalsection through the lower part of the lowersash and adjacent parts with sash closed. Fig. 5 is an outside front elevation showing the well-protecting shutter edge upward,the lower sash open. Fig..6 is a'sectional side elevation showing the meeting-rails of the two sashes and the upper part of a lock-bar. Fig. 7 is a detail horizontal section of the IOO lock-bar. Fig. S shows in front elevation a collapsible structure attached to the sashes, so that as they open each side ofthe said structure will be drawn up or down, as the case may be. In this View the sashes are shown slightly apart with the collapsible` structure expanded.

The upper and lower` bars 3 are connected to the upperand lower sashes and move therewith. The middle bar 3 remains stationary and may be fixed to frame a. These bars 3 are provided with suitable longitudinal slots in which the pivot-pins of the diagonal bars slide when the collapsible structure is expanded or contracted. Y

a (partlyin dotted lines in Fig. l to indicate the part ordinarily hidden by a wall) shows the window-frame (which need not be as long as shown) which houses the superimposed sash b and the lower sash c. In the wall containing the window are two wells,one, CZ, above and one, e, below the sashes, which have meeting-rails j" and g.

l shows the stop fastened in each side groove j, the meeting-rails being each slightly recessed at 2, Fig. '8, to allow room therein for the said stop. The stops are fixed at the height required and determine the line of meeting of the sashes and when adjusted they serve to keep the sashes one always above and the other below the stops. Instead of each meeting-rail being recessed one only may be recessed to, receive the stops, if preferred.

7i and t' are pulleys placed in the side of the frame a in an easily-accessible position, say below the top of the closed top sash, the lower the better, so long as the upper sash can open to the extent predetermined.

The reference-letter h designates the'pulley on the right-hand side of the frame, and the reference-letter t' indicates the pulley on the left-hand side of the frame.

The upper sash is superimposed above the lower, both sashes being located in a single groove ,7' at each side of frame a, the jamb (marked 7c) being partly broken away in Fig. 3. As each sash constitutes the balancingweight for the other, the lighter or smaller sash (in these views the lower one is shown only half the size of the upper) is weighted, as by a strip of metal Z, Fig. 4, along its base. These sashes are connected by a single cord, both ends of which are fastened to the superimposed sash b, as at o and r, referring to the right and left hand sides of the sash b, as shown in Figs. l and 3, respectively, or I use a pair of cords m n, referring to the right and left sides of the superimposed sash b, Figs. l and 3, respectively, connected together by a turnbuckle or any other suitable means, as shown in Fig. 2, which pass from point 0, at one side of the lower part of the superimposed sash', ithrough a top pulley h in the frame around projecting guides p q at each bottom corner of the lower sash, thence through the other pulley 'L' in the frame to its fixture at 1' in Ythe lower part of the opposite side of the superimposed sash. Thus the lower sash rests in and is supported by the loop the cord or cords form. I use'in practice means by which the cords may occasionally be adjusted in length if they stretch or otherwise need adjusting, and s shows a movable panel, (which may be located in the window-frame below the sill t of the windowframe,) allowing access to a turnbuckle it, (connecting cords m 71,) by which the adjustment can be effected. It is an important advantage to have the cords connected to form practically one, since the sashes will then have far less liability than otherwise to jam or stick when they ought to move. Two cords having no connection whatever with one another will not always work harmoniously and do not equalize the-lifting or pressing force at each side as one cord does by this invention. In Fig. l the top of the bottom sash is able to descend to the sill t, it being assumed that in this case either "the well e could not have been made deep enough to accommodate a sash half the size of the whole window or that it was desirable at times to have the sill clear of the sash without causing a window-opening greater than two-thirds of the whole window, which is, it will be noted, greater than the largest possible opening of ordinary windows having two sashes which slide coincident with one an other, and therefore more to be desired in hot climates, where the freest ventilation is benecial. The upper well, the lower well,- (which may have means for drainage, not shown,) and the lower sash in the illustration are all about equal in depth, so that when the window is fully opened halt the upper sash will remain out of the upper well. Where the top sash is the shorter, the base of the opening betweenthe sashes would be (with wells the depth of said top sash) higher than the sill (as would be predetermined) even with the sashes fully apart.

A tongue and groove (not shown) at the point where the meeting-rails f g of the sashes come together or othel` known means are employed to prevent the ingress of dust, rain, dac., no claim to novelty being madein respect thereof. For the same purpose a strip of suitable material forming a shutter o, Fig. 2, is extended from one side of the windowframe to the other at the upper part of the lower well e. This shutter fu is pivoted at each end to the window-frame. When the lower sash c is in raisedor closed position, the inner longitudinal edge of this pivoted shutter Q: extends under the lower portion of the sash c, as shown in Fig. 4. When the I window is opened by lowering the sash c they pivoted shutter c is tilted, the inner edge being forced downward out of thev path of the descending sash and the outer edge being tilted upward. The shutter fu remains in this tilted position until the sash e is again raised in closing the window, when the hooks :u on the lower part of the sash c engage the under leo IIO

. to one side ofthe upper sash, passing upward portion of the inner longitudinal edge of the shutter c and restore said shutter to its normal dust and rain excluding position.

Referring to the lock, many known forms would serve. A suitable lock requires fixed connection with the top sash, as ate, from which an arm, as y, may extend downward and be secured to the lower sash. By having arm y (which may have perforations therein) so long that even when sash b is open the lower end of arm y is not above sill t it will be easy to fasten the said arm either to the sash c or to the framing at any point low enough to be conveniently accessible. The arm 'y may be variously positioned, so as to be less in evidence, if preferred. A screw for fastening the arm is shown in Figs. 6 and 7, but this detail may be positioned and varled in any way desired-as, for example, by using any well -known form of catch which will spring into locked position normally. lt will be clear that an arm, as y, enables the windows to be locked, although open more or less, and this long arm is dispensed with if that is not required.

lin some respects minor details of this invention might be modified or omitted without departing from its scope.

l/Vhat I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent ofthe United States, is-

l. In a sliding window, the combination with the window-frame, the upper and lower sashes, and a pulley located in the upper part of each side of said frame, of a cord connected over one of said pulleys, then downward and across said lower sash, in supporting engagement therewith, then upward over the other of said pulleys, and connected to the other side of said upper sash.

2. In a sliding window, the combination with the window-frame, the upper and lower sashes, and a pulley located in the upper part of each side of said frame, of a cord connected to one side of the upper sash, passing upward over one of said pulleys, then downward and across said lower sash, in supporting engagement therewith, then upward over the other of said pulleys, and connected to the other side ot' said upper sash, and means for adjusting said cord.

3. In a sliding window, the combination with the window-frame, the upper and lower sashes, and a pulley located in the upper part of each side of said frame, of a cord connected to one side of the upper sash, passing upward over one of said pulleys, then downward and across said lower sash, in supporting engagement therewith, then upward over the other of said pulleys, and connected to the other I side of said upper sash, means for adjusting l said cord, and means for determining the meeting-point of said sashes when they are in closed position.

et. ln a sliding window the lcombination with the window-frame, the upper and lower sashes, upper and lower wells for said sashes, and a pulley located in the upper part of each side of said frame, of a cord connected to one side of the upper sash, passing upward over one of said pulleys, then downward and across said lower sash, in supporting engagement therewith, then upward over the other of said pulleys, and connected to the other side of said upper sash, means for adjusting said cord, means for determining the meetingpoint of said sashes when they are in closed position, means located between said sashes for excluding dust, rain, and the like, a pivoted shutter located at the upper part of said lower well, for excluding dust, rain and the like therefrom, said shutter being adapted to be tilted out ot the path of said lower sash when it is lowered in opening the window, and means on said lower sash for restoring said tilted shutter to normal position when said lower sash is raised in closing the window.

5. In a sliding window, the combination with the window-frame and a pulley located Lin the upper part of each side of said frame,

of a groove in each side of said frame, a lower sash fitted into said grooves, an upper sash superimposed above said lower sash in said grooves, and a cord connected to one side of said upper sash, passing upward over one of said pulleys, then downward and across said lower sash, in supporting engagement there? with, then upward over the other of said pulleys and connected to the other side of said upper sash.

6. ln a sliding window, the combination with the window-frame, and a pulley located in the upper part of each side of said frame, of a groove in each side of said frame, a lower sash tted into said grooves, an upper sash superimposed above said lower sash in said grooves, means for determining the meeting.- point of said sashes when they are in closed position, a cord connected to one side of said upper sash, passing upward over one of said pulleys, then downward and across said lower sash, in supporting engagement therewith, then upward over the other of said pulleys and connected to the other side of said upper sash, and means for adjusting said cord.

In testimony whereotI l have hereunto set my hand in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

WILLIAM EDWlN HARDEMAN.

Nitnessesz G. G. TURRI, W. H. CUBLEY.

IIO 

